Kaiwhakarato ngaio mo te kimi iraruke

15 tau te wheako hangahanga
kara

RJ12 raupapa hongere momo hīkoi, mōkihi raina taputapu aroturuki radiation

Whakaahuatanga Poto:

RJ12 hīkoi me te mōkihi taputapu aro turuki iraruke he taputapu aro turuki iraruke mo te hunga hikoi me nga tueke.Kei a ia nga ahuatanga o te aro nui, te whanui whanui me te wa whakautu poto, a ka taea e ia te mohio ki te whakaoho radiation aunoa, te rokiroki raraunga aunoa me etahi atu mahi.Ka taea e te punaha whakamohio kanohi, me te punaha tuunga aunoa, ka taea te kimi i nga tangata whakapae i te waahi kua tohua.Ka taea te whakamahi i roto i nga momo waahi o te kawemai me te kawe i nga waahana, penei i te rohe whenua, te taunga rererangi, te teihana tereina, te teihana o raro, nga toa hokohoko, etc.


Taipitopito Hua

Tohu Hua

āhuatanga hangarau

① Ko te papamuri BIN (Whakaahua Papamuri o Punoa) ka warewarehia te hangarau

② MCA multispectrum tātaritanga, āhuatanga SIGMA hātepe tatauranga

③ Taumahi NORM (40K) Te wehewehe tere i waenga i nga karihi horihori me te taiao (e.g40K,232T)

④ Te mahi ahukahuka nuclide (me te rangahau konutai iodide / ka taea)

⑤ Ma te whakakotahi i te kaitirotiro konutai iodide me te MCA multichannel pūngao spectrometer tātari ka taea te wehe tika i waenga i nga nuclides hauora, nuclides ahumahi, me nga radionuclides taiao.

karihi maori 40K,226Ra,232Th
Ahumahi karihi 241ahau,137Cs,60Co,57Co,22Na,133Ba,54Mn,88Y
Nuclides rongoa 131ahau,201Tl,203Hg,18F,99mTc,99Mo,192Ir
Nga rauemi karihi motuhake 57Co,152Eu,238U

⑥ Te tauira tere-tere (tere: 200ms)

 Ko nga tohu hangarau matua o te kaitirotiros

ingoa kaupapa Nga korero tawhā
Nga momo kaitirotiro Pereti scintillator kirihou + iti haruru photomultiplier ngongo
Rōrahi kaitirotiro 5,10,15 hei whiriwhiri me te tirotiro rua (te tatau taunoa te tirotiro takirua)
Te reeti haere morahi 106cps
awhe pūngao 25keV~3MeV
tairongo m5000cps / (Sv / h) (10 L, whanaunga137Cs)
Te rapunga i raro iho Te kaha ki te kite i te radiation i runga ake i te papamuri o 5nSv / h
Ko te mea whiriwhiri, ko te ngongo neutron
  • Momo rangahau: te ora roa3He kaitirotiro neutron (1 te hau, te pehanga ranei hei whiriwhiri)
  • Awhe pūngao: 0.025eV (neutron wera) ~14MeV
  • Tatau o te ora: 1017He tatau
  • Rahi waahi rapunga whai hua: 50mm 600mm, 25mm 600mm, 57mm 1054mm he mea whiriwhiri;
  • Tairongo: 75 cps / Sv / h (paunga ki tetahi atu)m252Cf)
  • Tatau o raro: <5cps
Ahukahuka dinnuclide kōwhiringa
  • Momo kaitirotiro: France SAN Gobain te nuinga o te konutai iodide kaitirotiro + iti pāhareha quartz photomultiplier ngongo
  • Rōrahi kaitirotiro: 1 l, 2 l te kowhiringa, kua rite ki nga rangahau rua
  • Reeti morahi morahi: 106cps
  • Awhe pūngao: 25keV~3MeV
  • Tairongo: 20,000 cps / (Sv / h) (2 L, whanaungam137Cs)

Ko nga tohu hangarau matua o te punaha

1. Te kaha rapunga pateko (AB)

A. Te pai o te kitenga o te punaha tirotiro haere

puna radioactive Ko te kaha matuakeV

Te pai o te kitenga pateko

Te horopeta i te 1.5m / (nSv.h-1/MBq
s-1/MBq s-1/(nSv.h-1)
241Am 60 ≥220 ≥94 2.3
57Co 122,136 ≥840 ≥90 9.3
137Cs 662 ≥960 ≥23 42
60Co 1173,1332 ≥1800 ≥11 160
133Ba 3,181,302,356 ≥1680 ≥73 23

ringihia:

1. Ko te puna whakamatautau paerewa 252Cf neutron me te puna neutron kaha o 12000 / s (1 ± 20%) ka whakanohoia ki te waahi o te tohu tohutoro.

2. Ko te reeti tatau neutron ka tutuki te whakaritenga o te reeti tatau o> 100 (1 ± 20%) / s

Te pai o te kitenga o te punaha tirotiro mo te rarangi-B

puna radioactive Ko te kaha matuakeV

Te pai o te kitenga pateko

Te horopeta i te 1.5m / (nSv.h-1/MBq
s-1/MBq s-1/(nSv.h-1)
241Am 59.5 ≥480 ≥92 5.2
57Co 122,136 ≥2400 ≥114 21
137Cs 662 ≥2640 ≥28 95
60Co 1173,1332 ≥5760 ≥16 360
133Ba 3,181,302,356 ≥4560 ≥88 52

2. Te arokitenga

Pūnaha aro turuki hikoi me te punaha aro turuki mo te raina

Hīkoi: Te kimi tūponotanga f 90% tere v=1.2m/s

Mōkī Raina: te tirotiro tūponotanga f 90% tere v=1m / s

puna radioactive Te ngohe, te kounga ranei
137Cs 0.08MBq
60Co 0.02MBq
241Am 2.27MBq

3. Ko te mahi aukati i te mahi a te kaitirotiro neutron

I te wa e whakaputahia ana e te puna 60Co te reeti horopeta i te pokapū ahuahanga o te mata o te neutron detector o te punaha aroturuki, nui ake i te 120 Sv / h, kaua te punaha aroturuki e whakaoho i te whakaoho neutron.

4. Reeti whakaoho teka: 0.01% (, neutron)

Ko te tūponotanga ka puta he whakaoho o te punaha rapu na nga matū reo irirangi kore, ehara ranei i te SNM

5. āhuatanga taumaha

A, no te he> 120 Sv / h te auau horopeta mata pūhohenga, ka mau tonu te pūnaha aroturuki i te āhua whakaoho me te hoki ki te āhua papamuri, me te wa tuku whakaoho he iti iho i te 60s.

6. Te riterite o te tairongo

I roto i te awhe o te waahi kitea

Hīkoi ± 25% Pōkai Raina ± 25%

Ko nga tohu hangarau matua mo te tautuhi karihi (he kowhiri)

Te tere o te tangi

I roto i te taiao pumau:

Whakamahia te puoro mokowhiti, 10000 nga wa, reeti whakaoho teka 1

Ki te kore e whakamahi i te pukoro noho, ka whakamahia te reeti whakaoho teka me te reeti hapa i roto i te 12h

γ Whakautu Irirangi

Kia 50 nga wa, kia 49 nga wa whakaoho

Karekau

Neke atu i te 100 v S / h, ka tukuna he whakaoho iraruke teitei ka tangohia i roto i te 1min i muri i te wehenga o te puna.

Pūoho neutron iraruraru

Karekau he whakaoho neutron ka puta ina tae te reeti horopeta o te γ-hihi ki te 100 Sv / h

Te awe o te papamuri

Ina he nui te huringa papamuri ki te puta he huringa nui i roto i te tūponotanga whakaoho, ka tukuna e te punaha aroturuki he tohu whakatupato

Ahukahuka nuclide

karihi maori 40K,226Ra,232Th
Ahumahi karihi 241ahau,137Cs,60Co,57Co,22Na,133Ba,54Mn,88Y
Nuclides rongoa 131ahau,201Tl,203Hg,18F,99mTc,99Mo,192Ir
Nga rauemi karihi motuhake 57Co,152Eu,238U

Tuhipoka: Ko te tautuhi nuclide me te kimi neutron he mea whiriwhiri, ehara i te punaha paerewa

Tauira pūnaha

图片1

Whakaaturanga 1. Te kete me te tirotiro iraruke hikoi

图片2

Whakaahua 2. Nga taputapu tirotiro iraruke hikoi


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